A new study has found that men using a high dosage of hormone supplements such as steroids or testosterone supplements can reduce their sperm count and natural testosterone production.
These nonprescription hormones, including testosterone and steroids, are commonly used by men for bodybuilding and to quicken the growth of muscle mass. The use of these supplemental hormones—also called androgens—has increased over the last few years, particularly in wealthier countries. Until now, there has been very little research studying how they could affect men’s reproductive systems, such as testosterone production, sperm count and general fertility.
This study, presented at the annual meeting of the Endocrine Society, surveyed 93 men with 3 varying degrees of hormone supplement use: 41 of the men were currently using steroids or testosterone supplements, 31 men had used these products in the past, and 21 of the surveyed men did not use any
androgens and exercised regularly.
The results showed that the men currently taking testosterone and steroids had a lower sperm output, as well as significantly smaller testicles. These men using the supplements also showed lower levels of
the hormone luteinizing, used by the body in the production of testosterone, as well as a hormone that stimulates sperm production.
The good news from the study, however, is that the sperm count reductions cease when the men stop taking the hormonal supplements. The men surveyed who had used these products in the past did not differ from the healthy men who had never taken the supplements: both of these groups showed normal sperm production and hormone levels. The researchers note that this suggests that ceasing these products can lead to a full recovery.
Although the full recovery time varied among study subjects, on average the men’s luteinizing hormone level came back to normal after 9 months of ceasing the supplements. Additionally, on average the men’s sperm count return to normal within 14 months of stopping the supplements, according to the
study’s findings.
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, bodybuilding products are typically not prescribed by doctors and can be particularly vulnerable to abuse by abuse by men seeking rapid muscle growth. Even before this study, the FDA has warned that steroids, testosterone supplements
and steroid-like substances are linked with serious health risks, including liver injury. Between 2009 and 2016, the FDA received 35 reports of serious liver injury associated with these products.
In addition to liver injury, the FDA has warned that these supplements and anabolic steroids can have other serious impacts on men’s health, including hair loss, severe acne, irritability, increased aggression and depression. The agency also linked these products to increased risk for heart attack, stroke, kidney damage and blood clots. Now, this study has confirmed another serious health effect of these steroids and testosterone supplements: smaller testicles, lower sperm count, and lower fertility.
Researchers hope that this study will help guide endocrinologists advising patients who take testosterone supplements or steroids for muscle growth. Researchers also hope that these findings will lead to further studies and peer review analysis to more fully understand the connection between these supplements and men’s reproductive health.